Osteoarthritis, the gradual wear of joint cartilage, affects a large share of Indians over 50, and the knee is the most commonly affected joint. An X-ray confirms the degree of wear, but treatment always starts with non-surgical measures.
The most effective first steps are the least dramatic: weight reduction where relevant, quadriceps-strengthening exercises, activity modification, and a short course of physiotherapy. Walking, cycling and swimming are usually better tolerated than running or deep squats.
Intra-articular injections may help selected patients for a period of months. Long-term courses of painkillers, however, are not a treatment plan: they mask symptoms while the joint continues to wear, and carry their own risks.
When pain becomes constant, disturbs sleep, and X-rays show advanced joint damage, knee replacement becomes a reasonable discussion. It is a quality-of-life decision made with your surgeon, not an emergency, and a good examination helps you make it at the right time.
Medical Disclaimer: This article provides general orthopaedic education and is not a substitute for clinical diagnosis. If your symptoms match anything described here, a thorough examination is the safest next step.